[토익 Part 5] 동사 (시제, 수태시)

12시제

	단순	진행	완료	완료진행
현재	현재	현재진행	현재완료	현재완료진행
과거	과거	과거완료	과거완료	과거완료진행
미래	미래	미래진행	미래완료	미래완료진행

 

 

1. 현재/현재완료 단서

1) 현재시제 단서
every week/month/year, always, usually, generally, frequently, sometimes
Passengers always need to fasten their seatbelts.
The mayor organizes charity events every month.

2) 현재완료시제 (have/has pp) 단서
since+과거시점, for[over, in] the last[pas]+기간, lately, recently (과거 O, 현완 O)
Mr. Robbins has received numerous awards for the last five years.
Our business partners have recently communicated theris opinions regarding the upcoming merger.

 

 

2. 과거/과거완료 단서

1) 과거시제(Ved) 단서
last week/month/year, ~ago, yesterday, previously, recently (과거 O, 현완 O)
We went to New York for a business conference last year.
James bought a new laptop recently.

2) 과거완료시제(had pp) 단서
After 주어 had pp, 주어 과거동사 / Before 주어 과거동사, 주어 had pp
After she had finished her work, she went for a walk.
Before the concert started, the musicians had practiced for hours.

 

3. 미래/미래완료 단서

1) 미래시제(will+동사원형) 단서
next, tomorrow, shortly, soon
The results of the recent servey will be announced shortly.
Torrance industries will distribute the new product samples to customers tomorrow.

2) 미래완료시제(will have pp) 단서
미래시제 단서+기간
by 미래시점, 주어 미래완료시제 for 기간
by the time 주어 현재동사, 주어 미래완료시제 for 기간
Ms. Harper will have worked for ten years as a manager by next year.
By the time Mr. Smith finishes his degree, he will have prepared his first business for three years.


동사 자리 문제 풀기 (드래그 하면 정답 및 해설 있음)
동사 푸는 방법 : 자리>가짜>수>태>시

1. Renewable energy sources ——— by various non-profit organizations to minimize environmental impact.
(A) developing 동명사(가짜동사)
(B) to develop to부정사(가짜동사)
(C) is developing 수일치 틀림
(D) are being developed
- 동사가 들어갈 자리에 가짜 동사들, 수일치 틀린거 소거할 수 있는지 문제

2. The revised policies ——— next year to boost productivity throughout our department.
(A) will implement 능동
(B) have implemented 능동
(C) will have implemented 능동
(D) will be implemented 수동
- 주어인 ”수정된 정책들“은 스스로 시행할 수 없기 때문에 수동태가 들어가야 함

3. Merging with Bitter Medicine ——— extensive negotiations and financial restructuring since last year.
(A) require 복수동사
(B) are required 복수동사
(C) has required 단수동사
(D) have been required 복수동사
- 동명사(and to부정사, that절)는 단수취급 해야하야 하므로 단수동사가 들어가야 한다

4. The shopping mall in the heart of the city ——— since last year due to increased customer demand.
(A) renovating 동명사(가짜동사)
(B) will renovate 능동
(C) has been renovated 현재 완료시제
(D) will have been renovated 미래 완료시제
- 쇼핑몰은 스스로 개조할 수 없으므로 수동태가 들어가야 하고 since last year 현재 완료시제의 단서가 있기 때문에 정답 C

5. Recommendation letters are ——— to support candidates’ applications, so please submit them by the deadline.
(A) require
(B) required
(C) to require
(D) have required
- 5형식 수동태 패턴 암기 be required to do

6. The submitted entries for the willdlife-saving campaign ——— thoroughly by the renowned experts for three weeks.
(A) reviewing 동명사 (가짜동사 소거)
(B) have reviewed 능동 소거
(C) will be reviewed
(D) have been reviewed 미래 완료시제
- 제출된 입출품들은 검토가 되어지기 때문에 수동태, for three weeks라는 현재 완료의 단서가 있기 때문에 정답 D

 

출처

동사 문제 정답 고르는 공식😎 토익 문법 | 수·태·시제 완벽 공략!! [서아쌤의 비밀과외] (youtube.com)

 

27:45 시제 시작